When discussing landing distance, two categories must be considered: ‘actual landing distance’ is the distance used in landing and braking to a complete stop (on a dry runway) after crossing the runway threshold at 50 feet; and ‘Required landing distance’ that is the distance derived by applying a factor to the actual landing distance. Actual…… Continue Reading →
Interruptions and distractions often result in omitting an action and/or deviating from standard operating procedures (SOPs). Interruptions (e.g., because of an ATC communication) and distractions (e.g., because of a cabin crew member entering the flight deck) occur frequently. Some cannot be avoided, some can be minimized or eliminated…. Continue Reading →
The flight crew’s inability to assess or to manage the aircraft’s energy condition during approach is cited often as a cause of unstabilized approaches. Either a deficit of energy (low/slow) or an excess of energy (high/fast) may result in an approach-and-landing incident or accident involving loss of control, landing before reaching the runway, hard landing,…… Continue Reading →
Incorrect management of the descent-and-approach profile and/or aircraft energy condition may result in a loss of situational awareness; and/or an unstabilized approach. Either situation increases the risk of approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)…. Continue Reading →
Operations in crosswind conditions require adherence to applicable limitations or recommended maximum crosswinds and recommended operational and handling techniques, particularly when operating on wet runways or runways contaminated by standing water, snow, slush or ice…. Continue Reading →
The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force found that delayed braking action during the landing roll-out was involved in some of the accidents and serious incidents in which slow/delayed crew action was a causal factor…. Continue Reading →
A rejected landing (also called an aborted landing) is a go-around maneuver initiated after touchdown of the main landing gear. A rejected landing is a challenging maneuver and typically is recommended only when an aircraft bounces more than approximately five feet (1.5 meters) off the runway after touchdown… Continue Reading →
The importance of being go-around-prepared and being go around- minded must be emphasized, because a go-around is not a frequent occurrence. This requires having a clear mental image of applicable briefings, standard calls, sequences of actions, task sharing and cross-checking, and being prepared to abandon the approach if requirements are not met…. Continue Reading →
Flight crews on international routes encounter different units of measurement for setting barometric altimeters, thus requiring altimeter crosscheck procedures…. Continue Reading →
The Flight Safety Foundation Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force found that inadequate flight crew interaction with automatic flight systems was a causal factor 1 in 20 percent of 76 approach-and-landing accidents and serious incidents worldwide…. Continue Reading →
Few air transport accidents occur on calm sunny days; risk increases during flight over hilly terrain, with reduced visibility, adverse winds, contaminated runways and limited approach aids. Visual illusions also can contribute to approach and landing accidents…. Continue Reading →
The importance of briefing techniques often is underestimated, although effective briefings enhance crew standardization and crew communication…. Continue Reading →
Altitude deviations may result in substantial loss of aircraft vertical separation or horizontal separation, which could cause a midair collision. Maneuvers to avoid other aircraft often result in injuries to passengers, flight crewmembers and, particularly, to cabin crewmembers…. Continue Reading →
Runway incursions are among the most persistent threats to aviation safety. The ICAO places runway incursions among the five highest-risk categories of events that must be addressed to mitigate the risk of aviation fatalities. The Global Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions is the result of aviation industry stakeholders coming together in a…… Continue Reading →
This familiarisation is targeted for aircraft equipped with Honeywell weather radar. The fundamental principles are, however, applicable to all weather radars in all aircraft…. Continue Reading →